Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the Nutritional value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to Nutritional components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-Nutritional components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the Nutritional and antiNutritional aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

Background: With respect to the effective dietary factors on heart diseases (HDs), the present research aims to study the dietary Risk factors of people with cardiovascular diseases.Materials and Methods: The demography and anthropometric information as well as the Nutritional condition for 80 patients hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Ward of Zahedan Khatam al-Anbia (PBUH) Hospital were determined through dietary recall and indices of lipid profile.Results: As per the findings of this study, for BMI, 26.2% of the patients were overweighed, 10.1% of patients had obesity, and 43.5% of the patients had abdominal obesity for waist to hip ratio. The mean of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL were 198.2±52.8, 136.8±66.3, 139±35.4, and 40±10.2 mg/dl, respectively. Imbalance in the macronutrient intakes were observed in patients.Conclusion: Given the fact that the indices under study are inappropriate, the patients are those who are subject to cardiovascular diseases in a constant and chronic manner.

The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive Risk and how to Risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of Risk perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

Introduction: Studies have indicated a global high prevalence of hospital malnutrition on admission and during hospitalization. Clinical Nutritional Risk Screen (CNRS) is a way to identify malnutrition and manage Nutritional interventions. Several traditional and non-computer based tools have been suggested for screening Nutritional Risk levels. The present study was an attempt to employ a computer based fuzzy model decision support system as a nutrition-screening tool for inpatients.Method: This is an applied modeling study. The system architecture was designed based on the fuzzy logic model including input data, inference engine, and output. A clinical nutritionist entered nineteen input variables using a windows-based graphical user interface. The inference engine was involved with knowledge obtained from literature and the construction of 'IF-THEN' rules. The output of the system was stratification of patients into four Risk levels from 'No' to 'High' where a number was also allocated to them as a Nutritional Risk grade. All patients (121 people) admitted during implementing the system participated in testing the model. The classification tests were used to measure the CNRS fuzzy model performance. IBM SPSS version 21 was utilized as a tool for data analysis with a=0.05 as a significance level.Results: Results showed that sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of the fuzzy model performance were 91.67% (±4.92), 76% (±7.6), 88.43% (±5.7), and 93.62% (±4.32), respectively. Instant performance on admission and very low probability of mistake in predicting malnutrition Risk level may justify using the model in hospitals.Conclusion: To conclude, the fuzzy model-screening tool is based on multiple Nutritional Risk factors, having the capability of classifying inpatients into several Nutritional Risk levels and identifying the level of required Nutritional intervention.

Introduction: We launched this study to compare subjective global assessment (SGA) and nutrition Risk index (NRI) as malnutrition screening tools for nurses to use in the care of End-stage Liver Disease (ESLD) patients. Methods: This pilot study was conducted on liver transplant patients in two hospitals in Iran from May to September 2021. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of NRI were evaluated compared with SGA in ESLD patients. Results: Sixty-five cirrhotic patients were assessed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for NRI in detecting malnutrition based on SGA were 97. 67%, 31. 82%, 77. 68%, and 87. 5%, respectively. However, the agreement between NRI and SGA was low (k=0. 349). Changing the NRI cut-off value to 83. 7 could yield acceptable sensitivity (72. 7%) and specificity (58. 1%). Conclusion: NRI can be used as a screening tool in ESLD patients, but a different cut-off might be required to improve its validity against SGA in ESLD patients.